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Practising French Grammar offers a set of varied and accessible
exercises for developing a practical awareness of French as it is
spoken and written today. The lively examples and authentic texts
and cartoons have been updated to reflect current usage. A new
companion website provides a wealth of additional interactive
exercises to help consolidate challenging grammar points.
Practising French Grammar provides concise summaries of key
grammatical points at the beginning of each exercise, as well as
model answers to the exercises and translations of difficult words.
It can be used alone or as the ideal companion to the fourth
edition of French Grammar and Usage by Roger Hawkins and Richard
Towell.
A comprehensive introduction to how people learn second languages
(L2s), this textbook approaches the topic through five problems the
L2 learner has to solve: 'breaking into' the L2; associating forms
with meanings; learning sentence structure; learning phrasal and
sentential meaning; and learning the use of the L2 in context.
These problems are linked throughout to the L2 acquisition of
lexis, morphology, syntax, semantics, phonetics/phonology and
language-use in a reader-friendly way, using key studies to build a
comprehensive picture of how L2s are learned. 'In a nutshell'
summaries of chapter sections provide helpful signposts to the
developing argument, whilst end-of-chapter activities encourage the
reader to reflect on the ideas presented, analyse data and think
creatively about the problems encountered. The roles of innate
knowledge, input, and the age at which learning starts are also
considered. This essential textbook will enable students to think
objectively about language, and will be an asset to any
introductory course on second language acquisition.
Long trusted as the most comprehensive, up-to-date and
user-friendly grammar available, French Grammar and Usage is a
complete guide to French as it is written and spoken today. It
includes clear descriptions of all the main grammatical phenomena
of French, and their use, illustrated by numerous examples taken
from contemporary French, and distinguishes the most common forms
of usage, both formal and informal. Key features include:
Comprehensive content, covering all the major structures of
contemporary French User-friendly organisation offering
easy-to-find sections with cross-referencing and indexes of English
words, French words and grammatical terms Clear and illuminating
examples help students at all stage of their degree Useful
indications of what cannot be said as well as what can Revised and
updated throughout, this new edition offers updated examples to
reflect current usage, new headers to include chapter number and
section parts as well as enhanced cross-referencing for easier
reference and expanded and more nuanced explanations of notoriously
difficult points of grammar. The combination of reference grammar
and manual of current usage is an invaluable resource for students
and teachers of French at the intermediate to advanced levels. This
Grammar is accompanied by the Practising French Grammar: A Workbook
(available to purchase seaparately ISBN 978-1-13-885119-1) which
features related exercises and activities and a companion website
offering additional resources at www.routledge.com/cw/hawkins .
Practising French Grammar offers a set of varied and accessible
exercises for developing a practical awareness of French as it is
spoken and written today. The lively examples and authentic texts
and cartoons have been updated to reflect current usage. A new
companion website provides a wealth of additional interactive
exercises to help consolidate challenging grammar points.
Practising French Grammar provides concise summaries of key
grammatical points at the beginning of each exercise, as well as
model answers to the exercises and translations of difficult words.
It can be used alone or as the ideal companion to the fourth
edition of French Grammar and Usage by Roger Hawkins and Richard
Towell.
In this book the authors address five central problems in the study
of second language acquisition: transfer, staged development,
cross-learner systematicity, incompleteness and variability. The
book begins with a definition of each of these areas and an
indication of why they are important for understanding SLA. In
Chapters 2-4 attempts to explain these phenomena via early
linguistic, sociolinguistic, and cognitive approaches are examined.
It is argued that they all fail because they attach insufficient
importance to the nature of language. In Chapters 5-9 the central
problems are approached from the perspective of Universal Grammar
and parametric variation: it is considered that this approach
provides greater insights into transfer, staged development,
cross-learner systematicity and into some aspects of completeness,
but that it has difficulty accounting for variability. Variability,
it is then argued in Chapters 10-13, is more attributable to
factors related to language use and language processing. The most
important of these are: the learner's need to develop hypotheses
from data where Universal Grammar may not be accessible or
applicable; the learner's need to transform linguistic knowledge
into the productions required for language processing in real-time;
and the learner's need to communicate effectively with an
incomplete linguistic system. The variability observed in second
language learners who began learning after the age of seven is
attributed to the use of multiple knowledge sources and the
different kinds of productions which may underlie second language
use. The strands making up this argument are then brought together
in Chapter 14 in a single model and indications of further
directions for research are provided.
Long trusted as the most comprehensive, up-to-date and
user-friendly grammar available, French Grammar and Usage is a
complete guide to French as it is written and spoken today. It
includes clear descriptions of all the main grammatical phenomena
of French, and their use, illustrated by numerous examples taken
from contemporary French, and distinguishes the most common forms
of usage, both formal and informal. Key features include:
Comprehensive content, covering all the major structures of
contemporary French User-friendly organisation offering
easy-to-find sections with cross-referencing and indexes of English
words, French words and grammatical terms Clear and illuminating
examples help students at all stage of their degree Useful
indications of what cannot be said as well as what can Revised and
updated throughout, this new edition offers updated examples to
reflect current usage, new headers to include chapter number and
section parts as well as enhanced cross-referencing for easier
reference and expanded and more nuanced explanations of notoriously
difficult points of grammar. The combination of reference grammar
and manual of current usage is an invaluable resource for students
and teachers of French at the intermediate to advanced levels. This
Grammar is accompanied by the Practising French Grammar: A Workbook
which features related exercises and activities and a companion
website offering additional resources at
www.routledge.com/cw/hawkins.
Long trusted as the most comprehensive, up-to-date and
user-friendly grammar available, French Grammar and Usage is a
complete guide to French as it is written and spoken today. It
includes clear descriptions of all the main grammatical phenomena
of French, and their use, illustrated by numerous examples taken
from contemporary French, and distinguishes the most common forms
of usage, both formal and informal. Key features include:
Comprehensive content, covering all the major structures of
contemporary French User-friendly organisation offering
easy-to-find sections with cross-referencing and indexes of English
words, French words and grammatical terms Clear and illuminating
examples help students at all stage of their degree Useful
indications of what cannot be said as well as what can Revised and
updated throughout, this new edition offers updated examples to
reflect current usage, new headers to include chapter number and
section parts as well as enhanced cross-referencing for easier
reference and expanded and more nuanced explanations of notoriously
difficult points of grammar. The combination of reference grammar
and manual of current usage is an invaluable resource for students
and teachers of French at the intermediate to advanced levels. This
Grammar is accompanied by the Practising French Grammar: A Workbook
(available to purchase seaparately ISBN 978-1-13-885119-1) which
features related exercises and activities and a companion website
offering additional resources at www.routledge.com/cw/hawkins .
A comprehensive introduction to how people learn second languages
(L2s), this textbook approaches the topic through five problems the
L2 learner has to solve: 'breaking into' the L2; associating forms
with meanings; learning sentence structure; learning phrasal and
sentential meaning; and learning the use of the L2 in context.
These problems are linked throughout to the L2 acquisition of
lexis, morphology, syntax, semantics, phonetics/phonology and
language-use in a reader-friendly way, using key studies to build a
comprehensive picture of how L2s are learned. 'In a nutshell'
summaries of chapter sections provide helpful signposts to the
developing argument, whilst end-of-chapter activities encourage the
reader to reflect on the ideas presented, analyse data and think
creatively about the problems encountered. The roles of innate
knowledge, input, and the age at which learning starts are also
considered. This essential textbook will enable students to think
objectively about language, and will be an asset to any
introductory course on second language acquisition.
Pottery and Porcelain Restoration is a practical guide for amateurs
to the craft of the professional restorer. With over 360
photographs, it explains the simplest, safest and ethical
techniques that are recommended today and - essentially - do not
further damage your pieces. Written with clear practical detail, it
explains the full process and gives unique insight into the
delicate job of the ceramic restorer. This new book introduces the
history of pottery and porcelain, and gives an account of the
methods and ethics of ceramic restoration; it gives a complete list
and details of materials and equipment, and particularly advises on
the best choice of glues; it describes the full restoration
process, from preparation and cleaning to gluing and modelling, and
finally to painting and gilding and provides step-by-step
instructions for gluing multiple breaks, filling chips and large
missing areas, as well as making lids, teapot spouts, hands,
leaves, fingers and handles. Restoration examples are illustrated
such as making Beswick horse legs, replacing missing handles on a
Chinese jug and painting a Clarice Cliff jug and, finally, vital
tricks of the trade are shared throughout and useful tips to
setting up a workshop are given.
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